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PTHREAD_CANCEL(3) Linux Programmer's Manual PTHREAD_CANCEL(3)
NAME
pthread_cancel - send a cancellation request to a thread
SYNOPSIS
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_cancel(pthread_t thread);
Compile and link with -pthread.
DESCRIPTION
The pthread_cancel() function sends a cancellation request to the thread thread. Whether and when the target thread reacts to the cancellation request depends
on two attributes that are under the control of that thread: its cancelability state and type.
A thread's cancelability state, determined by pthread_setcancelstate(3), can be enabled (the default for new threads) or disabled. If a thread has disabled can‐
cellation, then a cancellation request remains queued until the thread enables cancellation. If a thread has enabled cancellation, then its cancelability type
determines when cancellation occurs.
A thread's cancellation type, determined by pthread_setcanceltype(3), may be either asynchronous or deferred (the default for new threads). Asynchronous cance‐
lability means that the thread can be canceled at any time (usually immediately, but the system does not guarantee this). Deferred cancelability means that can‐
cellation will be delayed until the thread next calls a function that is a cancellation point. A list of functions that are or may be cancellation points is
provided in pthreads(7).
When a cancellation requested is acted on, the following steps occur for thread (in this order):
1. Cancellation clean-up handlers are popped (in the reverse of the order in which they were pushed) and called. (See pthread_cleanup_push(3).)
2. Thread-specific data destructors are called, in an unspecified order. (See pthread_key_create(3).)
3. The thread is terminated. (See pthread_exit(3).)
The above steps happen asynchronously with respect to the pthread_cancel() call; the return status of pthread_cancel() merely informs the caller whether the can‐
cellation request was successfully queued.
After a canceled thread has terminated, a join with that thread using pthread_join(3) obtains PTHREAD_CANCELED as the thread's exit status. (Joining with a
thread is the only way to know that cancellation has completed.)
RETURN VALUE
On success, pthread_cancel() returns 0; on error, it returns a nonzero error number.
ERRORS
ESRCH No thread with the ID thread could be found.
ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see attributes(7).
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┬─────────┐
│Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────┼─────────┤
│pthread_cancel() │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┴─────────┘
CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
NOTES
On Linux, cancellation is implemented using signals. Under the NPTL threading implementation, the first real-time signal (i.e., signal 32) is used for this pur‐
pose. On LinuxThreads, the second real-time signal is used, if real-time signals are available, otherwise SIGUSR2 is used.
EXAMPLES
The program below creates a thread and then cancels it. The main thread joins with the canceled thread to check that its exit status was PTHREAD_CANCELED. The
following shell session shows what happens when we run the program:
$ ./a.out
thread_func(): started; cancellation disabled
main(): sending cancellation request
thread_func(): about to enable cancellation
main(): thread was canceled
Program source
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define handle_error_en(en, msg) \
do { errno = en; perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)
static void *
thread_func(void *ignored_argument)
{
int s;
/* Disable cancellation for a while, so that we don't
immediately react to a cancellation request. */
s = pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE, NULL);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_setcancelstate");
printf("thread_func(): started; cancellation disabled\n");
sleep(5);
printf("thread_func(): about to enable cancellation\n");
s = pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE, NULL);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_setcancelstate");
/* sleep() is a cancellation point. */
sleep(1000); /* Should get canceled while we sleep */
/* Should never get here. */
printf("thread_func(): not canceled!\n");
return NULL;
}
int
main(void)
{
pthread_t thr;
void *res;
int s;
/* Start a thread and then send it a cancellation request. */
s = pthread_create(&thr, NULL, &thread_func, NULL);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_create");
sleep(2); /* Give thread a chance to get started */
printf("main(): sending cancellation request\n");
s = pthread_cancel(thr);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_cancel");
/* Join with thread to see what its exit status was. */
s = pthread_join(thr, &res);
if (s != 0)
handle_error_en(s, "pthread_join");
if (res == PTHREAD_CANCELED)
printf("main(): thread was canceled\n");
else
printf("main(): thread wasn't canceled (shouldn't happen!)\n");
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
SEE ALSO
pthread_cleanup_push(3), pthread_create(3), pthread_exit(3), pthread_join(3), pthread_key_create(3), pthread_setcancelstate(3), pthread_setcanceltype(3),
pthread_testcancel(3), pthreads(7)
Linux 2021-03-22 PTHREAD_CANCEL(3)
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