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date: 2022-02-07 16:19:08
categories: tools
firstPublishDate: 2021-02-12 21:15:44
developer tools: gcc, gdb, git,...
text editor: vim
remote shell: ssh
copy files between computers: sftp
terminal multiplexer: tmux, screen
file managers: mc (midnight commander), ranger, ncdu
web and gemini browser: w3m
email: mutt
newsgroups: slrn
system monitoring: htop, iotop, iftop,...
music player: mocp
After the boot menu, linux boots and shows text the first console. In the 90s, the consoles were in text mode but nowadays they are in graphical mode. A linux virtual console is like a full screen terminal and the latency (time between key pressed and something appearing on screen) is lower than in graphical environment, the latency is under 15ms when the screen displays 60 frames per second.
To access console 3, press: **ctrl+alt+F3**
On debian buster, **ctrl+alt+F1 and F2** are the graphical user interface and the consoles are on **ctrl+alt+F3 to F6**.
w3m is terminal web browser able to display images on web pages in the consoles. A graphical alternative to w3m running in the framebuffer is netsurf, to learn how to install netsurf in debian buster follow the instructions in this
.
The consoles are able to display text, images and millions of colors.
Other keys for switching console:
WIN + Arrow left/right: previous/next console
ALT + Fn: Switch to console n
WIN + Fn: Switch to console n
Other keys:
SHIFT + Page up/Page Down: Scroll up or down
ALT(GR) + Printscreen: Switch to last console
CTRL + ALT + DEL: Reboot
ALT + Printscreen + K: logout from console
CTRL + .: Compose, in debian the configuration are in /etc/console-setup/*.inc
In tmux, pane resizing doesn't work unsing the keys CTRL + b + CTRL + ARROWS, use the tmux command prompt instead:
CTRL + b + : resize-pane -R 10
This command resizes current pane to the right by 10 columns
I open photos with `fbi` and pdfs with fbgs:
fbi IMG_0484.JPG fbgs -xxl file.pdf
For watching video in the linux console, I use mplayer with the framebuffer video output:
mplayer -vo fbdev2 video_file.mp4
To change to the cursor to plain rectangle, run this command:
sudo echo 0 > /sys/module/vt/parameters/cur_default
The mouse is handled with the gpm packages:
sudo apt-get install gpm
Sometimes gpm stops working, so I restart it with:
/etc/init.d/gpm restart
I use `setvtrgb` program to setup the console 16 color palette.
I create the file `linuxConsoleColor.txt` which correspond to the tango color theme in gnome-terminal:
46,204,78,196,52,117,6,211,85,239,138,252,114,173,52,238 52,0,154,160,101,80,152,215,87,41,226,233,159,127,226,238 54,0,6,0,164,123,154,207,83,41,52,79,207,168,226,236
Line 1: red components
Line 2: green components
Line 3: blue components
Then run the command:
setvtrgb linuxConsoleColor.txt clear
setfont /usr/share/consolefonts/Uni2-TerminusBold20x10.psf.gz
For permanent changes, use `setupcon` to change the values in `/etc/default/console-setup`
Run:
setterm -blank 10
to enable screensaver after 10 minutes
sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target
Undo boot to console:
sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
hashtags: #linux
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